Use Of Resources Research Articles

Global mismatches between threat mapping research effort and the potential of threat abatement actions to reduce extinction risk.

Threat mapping is a necessary tool for identifying and abating direct threats to species in the ongoing extinction crisis. There are known gaps in the threat mapping literature for particular threats and geographic locations, and it remains unclear if the distribution of research effort is appropriately targeted relative to conservation need. We aimed to determine the drivers of threat mapping research effort and to quantify gaps that, if filled, could inform actions with the highest potential to reduce species' extinction risk. We used a negative binomial generalized linear model to analyze research effort as a function of threat abatement potential (quantified as the potential reduction in species extinction risk from abating threats), species richness, land area, and human pressure. The model showed that threat mapping research effort increased by 1.1 to 1.2 times per standardized unit change in threat abatement potential. However, species richness and land area were stronger predictors of research effort overall. The greatest areas of mismatch between research effort and threat abatement potential, receiving disproportionately low research effort, were related to the threats to species of agriculture, aquaculture, and biological resource use across the tropical regions of the Americas, Asia, and Madagascar. Conversely, the threat of linear infrastructure (e.g., roads and rails) across regions, the threat of biological resource use (e.g., hunting or collection) in sub-Saharan Africa, and overall threats in North America and Europe all received disproportionately high research effort. We discuss the range of methodological and sociopolitical factors that may be behind the overall trends and specific areas of mismatch we found. We urge a stronger emphasis on targeting research effort toward those threats and geographic locations where threat abatement activities could make the greatest contribution to reducing global species extinction risk.

An overview of waste in the context of Islamic economics and heterodox approaches: on common discourses

Purpose This study aims to investigate the viewpoints of heterodox economic thoughts and Islamic economic thought concerning the concept of waste. Additionally, it explores the shared criticisms that both perspectives hold against mainstream economic thought in relation to waste. Design/methodology/approach First of all, the concept of waste is examined and the global effects of waste are investigated. Criticisms directed in the context of waste in mainstream economics in the context of heterodox school thoughts are examined. Likewise, criticisms directed in the context of waste in mainstream economics in the context of Islamic economic thoughts are examined. Finally, the common and different aspects of heterodox and Islamic economic thoughts were discussed, and the common criticisms of mainstream economic thought’s point of view toward waste were examined. This study is a theoretical, qualitative study. Findings Although both ideas have different aspects, heterodox and Islamic economic thoughts believe that the mainstream economy, which is based on capitalism and materialism, creates waste by ignoring the long-term social and environmental consequences of economic activity. They argue that the pursuit of profits and growth, without considering the impact on society and the environment, leads to an inefficient and unsustainable use of resources. Originality/value The best author’s knowledge, by emphasizing the common and different aspects of Islamic economics and heterodox thoughts, this study is the first to examine the concept of waste in the context of the common aspects of these ideas.

Acute Treatment Patterns, Migraine Burden, and Healthcare Resource Use in People With Migraine: Results From the OVERCOME (EU) Observational Study.

The ObserVational survey of the Epidemiology, tReatment and Care Of MigrainE (OVERCOME) European Union (EU) is part of an overarching population-based study program that also includes the United States and Japan. Here, we report data on the migraine/severe headache burden and the use of acute medication and healthcare resources in Spain and Germany. OVERCOME (EU) was an online, non-interventional, cross-sectional survey conducted in adults in Spain and Germany between October 2020 and February 2021. A total migraine cohort was established based on health survey participants who reported headache/migraine in the last 12months AND identified as having migraine based on modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, third edition criteria OR self-reported physician diagnosis. Data were analyzed for the total migraine cohort and the subcohort with moderate to severe headache attacks, with average pain severity≥5 points, pain duration≥4h, and at least moderate disability due to migraine [Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) score≥11] over the past 3months. Pain of moderate or severe intensity was the most frequent symptom in the total migraine cohort (n=19,103/20,756; 92.0%). Proportions of participants reporting severe disability (MIDAS Grade IV), poorer quality of life (QoL; Migraine-Specific QoL Questionnaire), and higher interictal burden (Migraine Interictal Burden Scale-4), generally increased with number of headache days (HDs)/month. Most participants (92.5%) reported current acute migraine/severe headache medication use, although only 39.0% were using triptans. In the moderate to severe attacks subcohort (n=5547), 48.4% were using triptans, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs the most common acute medication. The moderate to severe attacks subcohort also reported poorer QoL and greater pain and disability with increasing HDs/month, although severe interictal burden was reported for~60% of participants regardless of HDs/month. Treatment satisfaction (six-item migraine Treatment Optimization Questionnaire) in those using triptans was generally poor in both total and subcohorts. High migraine-related burden levels were reported, despite use of acute medication. Although triptans are recommended for moderate to severe migraine attacks in Spanish and German guidelines, less than half of participants were using triptans; treatment satisfaction in those using triptans was generally poor. New tailored treatment options may help address unmet needs in current acute treatment.

Moderate low-cost modifications in diet prevent a substantial number of deaths and mitigate environmental impacts in Brazil.

This study aimed to estimate the health, economic, and environmental impacts of moderate simulated interventions on dietary intake in Brazil. Data on food price and consumption were obtained from three nationwide surveys. Baseline dietary intake was estimated for 33,859 individuals aged 25years and older. Counterfactual intakes were based on six hypothetical intervention scenarios, by changing the weekly frequency and serving size in low or high consumers of fruit and vegetables (FV), milk, whole grains, red and processed meats, and sugar-sweetened beverages. For each scenario, we estimated the attributable number of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALY), monetary cost, environmental impacts (14 midpoint indicators), and environmentally-mediated health impacts. Compared with the baseline intake and cost, the most expensive intervention (+ 8.3%) was to increase FV intake (+ 125g), resulting in a 1.2% reduction in all-cause mortality (16,307 deaths/year). The cheapest (- 9.9%) was to reduce red and processed meat intake (- 40g), resulting in a 1.1% reduction in all-cause mortality (14,272 deaths/year). The combined intervention was, on average, 3.7% cheaper than the baseline cost, resulting in an increase in diet cost for 30% of the population (45-22% in the lower- and higher-income groups); all-cause mortality would be reduced by 3.8% (49,488 deaths/year). Interventions targeting red and processed meats would reduce emissions and resource use by 35-55%, in addition to reducing 2300 DALYs/year. A meaningful number of deaths can be avoided and environmental impacts reduced through moderate and potentially affordable diet modifications.

Potential of the domestic biosimile omalizumab in achievement of control in patients with severe asthma: short communication

BACKGROUND: Severe atopic asthma is a medical and social problem due to its prevalence, the tendency to exacerbations, the impact on the quality of life and on the work ability, and high treatment costs. The appearance biosimilar omalizumab among biologicals makes such therapy more accessible to patients. This article presents the results of an open prospective clinical study of the biosimilar omalizumab in patients with the severe atopic asthma.
 AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of the domestically produced biosimilar omalizumab in the real clinical practice.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study involved 15 adult patients (19–66 years) with a reliable history consistent with moderate to severe atopic asthma who hadn`t have asthma control at the time of inclusion in the study. All patients received the Genolar (omalizumab, Generic JSC, Russia) for 52 weeks at the dose calculated according to the instructions. The efficacy was evaluated taking into account changes in symptom severity, improved asthma control using the Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5), pulmonary function tests, peak flow measurements, assessment the asthma exacerbations number and the healthcare resources use.
 RESULTS: According to our study results, all patients demonstrated a decrease in the night and daytime attacks frequency and the shortness of breath severity due to omalizumab, which made it possible to reduce the basic therapy and refuse systemic glucocorticosteroids using in patients who previously received there. After 6 months we obtained an improvement in the asthma symptoms control: ΔACQ-5=-1.87 (p=0.0002) compared to baseline with a trend towards further improvement in indicators and reached ΔACQ-5=-2.18 (p=0.0001) to the 52nd week. We also obtained a statistically significant improvement in pulmonary function (after a year of treatment, the increase in forced expiratory volume in the first second was +19.85% compared to baseline, p=0.0001). No asthma exacerbation was registered during 12 months omalizumab treatment.
 CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the biosimilar treatment in patients with severe atopic asthma allowed to achieve asthma control, decrease the exacerbations number and reduce the basic therapy volume, including oral-corticosteroid elimination.

Challenges and opportunities when moving food production and consumption toward sustainable diets in the Nordics: a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023

The terms ‘Nordic countries’ or ‘The Nordics’ include the five countries Denmark, Finland, Island, Norway, and Sweden. This review includes evaluation of the Nordic countries against Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)/World Health Organizations’ (WHO) guiding principles for healthy, sustainable diets with respect to environmental impact (principles #9 – #13) and sociocultural aspects (principles #14 – #16). A food systems perspective is taken to summarize and discuss the most important challenges and opportunities for achieving sustainable diets. Food system, food security, self-sufficiency, and resilience perspectives are applied. The information can underpin decisions when developing and implementing Food Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) in the Nordics.
 None of the Nordic countries are on track to reach the 2030 UN climate and biodiversity goals. We describe how food production, processing, and consumption contribute to these and other environmental challenges, and what kinds of dietary changes/transitions consistent with these goals are required.
 A major challenge is the high production and consumption of meat and too low consumption of fish, vegetables, and fruits. Meat production is a major source of emissions and, together with farmed fish, heavily dependent on imported feed ingredients, leaving a large land-use and water footprint in exporting countries while domestic land resources are not used optimally. Dietary patterns have changed drastically over the past 50 years, and in large parts of the population, meat consumption has doubled since the 1970s, rendering historic food culture less useful as a basis for present-day recommendations. The Nordics have Europe’s lowest use of antibiotics in animal and fish production and have made some progress in reducing food waste along the food chain. A major opportunity is better alignment of food production and consumption based on local or regional production potentials, in conjunction with better and more constructive integration with the global food system while integrating novel technologies to reduce emissions and resource use.

Real-World Treatment Patterns and Healthcare Resource Use for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease in Italy.

Real-world data are used to inform decision-makers and optimise therapeutic management for patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). We analysed data on the epidemiology (by using proxies of prevalence and incidence), patient characteristics, treatment patterns and associated healthcare direct costs for the management of patients with UC and patients with CD in Italy. This retrospective observational study used administrative databases from eight Local Health Units geographically distributed across Italy. Adult patients with a hospitalisation and/or an exemption for UC or CD were included. Study outcomes were summarised descriptively, and limited statistical tests were performed. At baseline, 9255 adults with UC and 4747 adults with CD were included. Mean (standard deviation) age at inclusion was 54.0 (18.4)/48.6 (18.1) years, for UC/CD. The estimated average incidence of UC and CD for the period2013-2020 was 36.5 and 18.7 per 100,000, respectively. The most frequently prescribed drug category for patients with UC/CD was conventional treatment [mesalazine and topical corticosteroids (67.4%/61.1%), immunomodulators and systemic corticosteroids (43.2%/47.7%)], followed by biologic treatments (2.1%/5.1%). The mean annual total direct cost per patient was 7678euro (€), for UC and €6925 for CD. This analysis, carried-out in an Italian clinical setting, may help to optimise therapy for patients with UC and CD and provide relevant clinical practice data to inform decision-makers.

Tourism and Recreational Industry for Rural Development in Ukrainian Mountains

This article addresses how to develop national and local policy on tourism and recreation in mountainous rural areas considering the recreational capacity, demographic patterns and economic situations, with an emphasis on local livelihoods. Management of recreational natural resources is an integral component of the national environmental policy. It is considered that the recreational natural resources management is broader than the recreational industry management, since the former covers protection and restoration of the resources. The multiplier economic effect and joint use of recreational resources by various users are the key issues for the industry. Evidently, almost in all the Ukraine’s regions, accessible recreational resources are not used efficiently enough. In order to evolve an appropriate sustainable tourism policy, a multilevel algorithm is developed on how to classify areas depending on the recreational resources and tourism industry. The algorithm supplies several policy models of the recreational industry’s development, taking into account the types of settlements (urban, rural, intermediate, and mountainous), proximity of settlements to urban centres (urbanized and peripheral), recreational capacity of areas (high, medium, low), and economic efficiency of local recreational industry (productive, semi-productive, unproductive). Accordingly, three types of communities’ development strategies have been suggested. They include the recreational focus, profound recreational industry, and recreations for locals. The novelty of this research is that it presents the approach on how to assess the capacity of local recreational recourses and the industry. The multilevel algorithm is proposed to classify areas and define better approaches for the local policies.

Phytoliths from modern plants in the Canary Islands as a reference for the reconstruction of long-term vegetation change and culture-environment interactions

AbstractThe Canary Islands were the first part of the Macaronesian archipelago to have been settled by humans. The various ways in which the indigenous inhabitants and later European colonisers interacted with the native and endemic flora is a central topic for archaeologists, geographers and ecologists. Floristic changes can be studied from phytoliths which are plant microfossils with a high potential for preservation in sediment deposits and they can help reconstruct past ways of life and vegetation changes through time. However, there is no comprehensive and systematic study and reference collection of phytoliths produced by the flora of the Canary Islands, so far. To make a start with a first phytolith reference collection of a selection of plants relevant for the study of past socio-ecological interactions there, we processed over a hundred modern plant specimens collected on the islands of Tenerife, Gran Canaria and La Palma to obtain the phytoliths from them, using the dry-ashing method. We then described the phytolith morphologies, and counted the numbers of morphotypes for each species. We have categorised taxa according to their phytolith concentration and production of morphotypes with diagnostic potential. Our results suggest that among the selected taxa, species within the Arecaceae, Boraginaceae, Cyperaceae, Poaceae and Urticaceae families are the main native producers of phytoliths in the archipelago. We also identified phytoliths with diagnostic potential in particular species within the Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Cistaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Lauraceae, Ranunculaceae and Rubiaceae. We discuss how phytolith assemblages can be interpreted in archaeological sites and sediment records. Our growing reference collection is a significant step towards the application of phytolith analysis to disentangle the long-term climatic and human-driven transformation of this biodiversity hotspot, as well as the cultural use of plant resources.

A Multilevel Approach for Direct Core Calculation Schemes

A method of dynamic homogenization was recently proposed as an alternative technique for three-dimensional (3D) core calculations using a direct approach. This technique allows for producing homogenization parameters for a subdomain within the core at its actual state, and offers the advantage of avoiding off-line calculations, cross-section interpolations, and expensive 3D transport calculations. The methodology has shown a remarkable reduction in computational cost compared to 3D transport. However, the application of direct calculation schemes in multiphysics and multicycle problems still demands an extensive use of computational resources. Within the framework of traditional two-step calculations, several multilevel schemes have been developed to accelerate lattice calculations for the generation of the multiparameter cross-section libraries. With a similar objective, this work investigates how the multilevel approach can be applied within the framework of direct calculation schemes and discusses how depletion calculations may be performed. The objective is to enhance their performance and reduce memory requirements in favor of a high-fidelity model of the matter behavior in the reactor. We have then identified suitable flux solvers for each level and explored various homogenization options. We tested the methodology in a 3D pressurized water reactor core problem inspired by the TVA Watts Bar Unit 1 Multi-Physics Multi-Cycle OECD/NEA Benchmark, and performed a comparative analysis to assess the accuracy and computational efficiency of these new calculation schemes against direct single-level calculations and a two-step calculation based on pin-by-pin homogenization, as well as Monte Carlo simulations. Our analysis proves that the computational resources required to solve the full-core problem using a multilevel scheme are significantly reduced, and the best computational features are provided by multilevel dynamic homogenization. Furthermore, we observed that the multilevel approach not only allows for speedup, but can also be advantageously applied in order to improve the accuracy of the final solution of a calculation scheme when the core solver relies on an approximate transport operator.

Application of the block factor analysis in the implementation of hydraulic fracturing during oil fields development

The relevance of this study is due to the need to optimize the oil production process in the fields of the West Siberian province. At the moment, the actual oil recovery factor often deviates from the design values, which leads to inefficient production and loss of resources. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to develop a meth-odology for optimizing the process of monitoring and regulating an oil field development facility using block factor analysis and de-signing hydraulic fracturing cracks. The work uses methods such as block factor analysis, 3D modeling, hydrodynamic modeling, and mathematical modeling. The result of the study is a developed methodology for optimizing the process of monitoring and regulat-ing an oil field development facility. The article also discusses the main reasons for the deviation of actual oil production from calcu-lated values, including hydraulic fracturing technology. Unsuccess-ful cases of this procedure and their causes were identified. The features of the block factor analysis tool and the proactive analysis method are described, as well as how to use it at the design and modeling stage of hydraulic fracturing to improve the efficiency of the well-stimulation operation. Successful implementation of hy-draulic fracturing allows one to approximate the actual oil recovery factor to design values, which is important for increasing the effi-ciency of production at the field and optimizing the use of re-sources.

Is behavioural activation an effective treatment for depression in children and adolescents? An updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

Behavioural Activation (BA)-a brief therapy based on the scheduling of enjoyable, purposeful and rewarding activities-is an effective and cost-effective treatment for depression in adults that shows promise for children and adolescents. We provide an update on a previous systematic review of evidence on BA-delivered in-person, telephone, or online-for depression and comorbid anxiety in children and adolescents.We conducted systematic literature searches in 6 databases up to February 2024. We included all study designs evaluating BA with participants up to 18years old with diagnosable depression, as established by a validated screening tool or diagnostic manual. We used the Moncrieff Scale and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool to assess study quality. We summarised the findings of all study types with a narrative synthesis and of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with a meta-analysis.Overall, 24 studies (6 RCTs, 18 pre-post evaluations, n = 2,758) met our inclusion criteria. A meta-analysis of 4 RCTs (n = 156) showed that BA has a small effect of 0.24 (Hedge's adjusted g) in reducing depression symptoms compared to a waiting-list control, usual care and other therapies. Online and telephone-facilitated BA was shown to be feasible in 3 studies and effective in 1. Outcomes on comorbid anxiety were mixed. No economic evaluations met our inclusion criteria.BA shows sufficient promise as an intervention for reducing depression symptoms in children and adolescents to justify the need for further RCTs, providing that five conditions are met: studies are powered to detect a minimal clinically important difference; BA materials are fit-for-purpose to produce clinically meaningful change; follow-ups are longer than 6months; primary outcomes are child-reported; and intervention costs, resource use and adverse events are reported.

Health economic evaluation of blended collaborative care for older multimorbid heart failure patients: study protocol

BackgroundIntegrated care, in particular the ‘Blended Collaborative Care (BCC)’ strategy, may have the potential to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in multimorbid patients with heart failure (HF) and psychosocial burden at no or low additional cost. The ESCAPE trial is a randomised controlled trial for the evaluation of a BCC approach in five European countries. For the economic evaluation of alongside this trial, the four main objectives were: (i) to document the costs of delivering the intervention, (ii) to assess the running costs across study sites, (iii) to evaluate short-term cost-effectiveness and cost-utility compared to providers’ usual care, and (iv) to examine the budgetary implications.MethodsThe trial-based economic analyses will include cross-country cost-effectiveness and cost-utility assessments from a payer perspective. The cost-utility analysis will calculate quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) using the EQ-5D-5L and national value sets. Cost-effectiveness will include the cost per hospital admission avoided and the cost per depression-free days (DFD). Resource use will be measured from different sources, including electronic medical health records, standardised questionnaires, patient receipts and a care manager survey. Uncertainty will be addressed using bootstrapping.DiscussionThe various methods and approaches used for data acquisition should provide insights into the potential benefits and cost-effectiveness of a BCC intervention. Providing the economic evaluation of ESCAPE will contribute to a country-based structural and organisational planning of BCC (e.g., the number of patients that may benefit, how many care managers are needed). Improved care is expected to enhance health-related quality of life at little or no extra cost.Trial registrationThe study follows CHEERS2022 and is registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS00025120).

Угрозы экономической безопасности в деятельности предприятий производства пластмассовых изделий Рязанской области

The analysis of trends and regularities in evaluation criteria behavior characterizing financial and economic activities of the organizations producing plastic products in Ryazan region is carried out. Against the background of positive dynamics of performance indicators, identical problem areas were identified that can provoke threats to economic security not only for business entities, but also for the entire industry. The revealed threats to economic security of the organizations under study were identified with the threats previously proven in the scientific literature and related to financial losses from inefficient use of resources, which was the evidence base for the necessity to improve and update analytical tools to control negative phenomena in resource management. The purpose of the study is to update and systematize analytical tools for resource control in the organizations producing plastic products in Ryazan region. The set of methods used includes: general scientific research methods, that is, monographic, generalization of materials, system research and special methods of analysis and control: comparisons, comparison of indicators with acceptable values, and platform analysis. The article proposes analytical tools to control resources in the assessment and forecasting of threats to economic security, integrating the relationship of systematized indicators of various forms of accounting (financial) reporting.

Climbing mechanisms as a central trait to understand the ecology of lianas across the tropics

AbstractAimsLianas are a central component of tropical forests. However, how the type of climbing mechanisms is related to the functional and taxonomic diversity of lianas across the tropics, remains largely unresolved. Here, we tested two main hypotheses: (i) the functional diversity of lianas differs with climbing mechanism (active and passive) and (ii) the association between taxonomic diversity with contemporary climate, paleoclimate, forest structure and phylogeny differ between climbing mechanisms.LocationTropical forests.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedTerrestrial plants.MethodsWe assembled functional traits and the type of climbing mechanism for 702 liana species and used the World Checklist of Vascular Plants (WCVP v.2.0) to standardize species names, map geographical distribution and estimate taxonomic richness. We used kernel density n‐dimensional hypervolume to estimate the functional diversity of each type of climbing mechanism. We compared the environmental response of taxonomic richness of each type of climbing mechanism, active and passive, to the response of overall liana species richness. We assessed the magnitude and direction of the environmental response considering variables of climate, soil fertility and forest structure.ResultsWe found that active climbing exhibits a higher functional richness than passive climbing. Richness patterns of active and passive climbing mechanisms were mainly driven by contemporary climate, paleoclimate and phylogenetic relatedness. More importantly, paleoclimate was negatively associated with active climbing and positively associated with passive climbing.Main ConclusionsOur study highlights differences in functional diversity (richness, dispersion, evenness and originality) between active and passive climbing species, likely reflecting their distinct ecological strategies for resource use, stress tolerance and dispersal. Integrating taxonomic and functional diversity metrics with information about the type of climbing mechanism provides deeper insights into the ecology and response of lianas to climate change.

The Number of Influenza Risk Factors Informs an Adult's Increased Potential of Severe Influenza Outcomes: A Multi-Season Cohort Study from 2015 to 2020

Abstract Background While studies have evaluated individual factors influencing the risk of severe influenza outcomes, there is limited evidence on the additive impact of having multiple influenza risk factors and how this varies by age. Methods Patients ≥18 years of age in the US were evaluated retrospectively in five seasonal cohorts during the 2015–2020 influenza seasons. Patient-level electronic medical records linked to pharmacy and medical claims were used to ascertain covariates and outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression models were fitted for the overall population and age subgroups to evaluate the association of demographic and clinical characteristics with odds of influenza-related medical encounters (IRME) (ICD-10 codes J09*–J11*). The logistic regression models included sex, race/ethnicity, geographic region, baseline healthcare resource use, vaccination status, specific high-risk comorbidities, number of influenza-risk factors, BMI, and smoking status. Odds ratios (OR) from each of the five individual seasons were summarized using fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results Season cohort sizes ranged from 887,260 to 3,628,168 individuals. Of all patient characteristics evaluated, the cumulative number of CDC-defined high-risk influenza conditions that an individual had was most predictive of increased probability of having an IRME overall and across age groups, with adults of any age with ORs for influenza hospitalization ranging from 1.8 (95%CI: 1.7 to 2.0) for 1 risk factor up to 6.4 (95%CI: 5.8 to 7.0) for individuals with ≥4 risk-factors. Conclusion These results show that a simple measure like the number of influenza risk factors can be highly informative of an adult’s potential for severe influenza outcomes.

Benefit-Sharing by Design: A Call to Action for Human Genomics Research.

The ethical standards for the responsible conduct of human research have come a long way; however, concerns surrounding equity remain in human genetics and genomics research. Addressing these concerns will help society realize the full potential of human genomics research. One outstanding concern is the fair and equitable sharing of benefits from research on human participants. Several international bodies have recognized that benefit-sharing can be an effective tool for ethical research conduct, but international laws, including the Convention on Biological Diversity and its Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-Sharing, explicitly exclude human genetic and genomic resources. These agreements face significant challenges that must be considered and anticipated if similar principles are applied in human genomics research. We propose that benefit-sharing from human genomics research can be a bottom-up effort and embedded into the existing research process. We propose the development of a "benefit-sharing by design" framework to address concerns of fairness and equity in the use of human genomic resources and samples and to learn from the aspirations and decade of implementation of the Nagoya Protocol.

The mediating role of hope in the relation between uncertainty and social support with self-management among patients with ESKD undergoing hemodialysis

BackgroundSelf-management behaviours are critical for patients requiring regular hemodialysis (HD) therapy. This study aimed to test the relationship between social support, uncertainty and self-management among HD patients and to explore whether hope plays a mediating role.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 212 HD patients from two hospitals completed the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), Herth Hope Index (HHI), Short form Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale (SF-MUIS), and hemodialysis Self-Management Instrument (HD-SMI). Data were analysed using structural equation modelling.ResultsThe main finding indicated that social support positively affected self-management (β = 0.50, t = 4.97, p < 0.001), and uncertainty negatively affected self-management (β =-0.37, t=-4.12, p = < 0.001). In mediational model analysis, the effect of social support on self-management was fully mediated [(β = 0.12; 95% BC CI (0.047, 0.228)] by hope. Also, the effect of uncertainty on self-management was fully mediated [(β=- 0.014; 95% BC CI (-0.114, -0.003)] by hope.Conclusions“Considering factors influencing self-management in HD patients is crucial for improving quality of life. Receiving support and informational resources can not only foster hope but also reduce their uncertainty, thus aiding in enhancing clinical outcomes, quality of life, and reducing complications. “Health care providers, especially nurses were advised to accept the existence of uncertainty, help patients make optimal use of support resources, and give more importance to disambiguation to reassure them. Therefore, well-designed interventions that enhance social support and hope and reduce uncertainty may help improve self-management behaviour in HD patients.

НОВЫЕ ТРАЕКТОРИИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ БИЗНЕСА ПОД ВЛИЯНИЕМ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ НА ПУТИ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ УСТОЙЧИВОГО СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ ОБЩЕСТВА В РФ

The article considers the processes of globalization in conditions of high turbulence of business, developing today on the basis of digitalization and qualitatively new information exchange, which leads to a significant transformation of social relations. In the field of transformation of business architecture and management technologies, an understanding is formed that the competitive advantages of companies can be best realized through the joint use of common resources, competencies, network effects, and institutional conditions. This circumstance determines the need for economic and managerial research of new objects, which includes the "business ecosystem". The purpose of the study is to substantiate the directions of creating institutional conditions necessary for the establishment and functioning of ecosystems as a new organizational and economic form of doing business in the conditions of ensuring self-preservation of the natural ecosystem. The authors used an institutional approach to the subject of the study, based on the synthesis of economic and organizational theory, systems theory, innovation theory, and the concept of sustainable development. The main results are based on the generalization of historical stages of formation and comparative characteristics of functioning of different models of business ecosystems in banks, determination of value properties of complex banking products.

Connection Between Knowing and Doing? A Mixed Methods Exploration of Librarian Wellness Behaviors

ABSTRACT The authors examined the relationship between access to or use of health information resources by health sciences librarians (HSLs) and non-HSLs. We wanted to know if, compared to non-HSLs, increased access to and use of health information by HSLs was associated with more frequent performance of wellness behaviors. : A survey containing questions about access to health information resources, the use of health information resources, the frequency of the performance of wellness behaviors and barriers and facilitators to performing these behaviors was sent via e-mail to members of over 60 library organizations. A total of 1913 librarians responded to the survey. We found no difference between the HSLs and the non-HSLs by age or sex but HSLs were more likely to have master’s degrees or higher, work more hours, and to work in institutions that provide access to vaccines and/or wellness programs. HSLs have greater access to and use quality health information resources more often than do non-HSLs. Compared to non-HSLs, HSLs exercise more and eat more fruits and vegetables. Non-HSLs, however, are more likely to engage in regular spiritual activities. Barriers to performing wellness behaviors included lack of time, lack of motivation, fatigue, and chronic pain whereas facilitators included positive social support for wellness behaviors. Our data show that access to health information and frequency of use is correlated with the performance of wellness behaviors. While access to health information can work to nudge people to engage in healthy habits, information by itself is not enough.